The shortcut
In any Finder window, press ⇧ ⌘ . (full stop). Hidden files appear greyed out. Press it again to hide them.
Your Library folder
Hold ⌥ and open the Go menu: Library appears. It holds app settings and data, such as ~/Library/Application Support.
Go to a path
Choose Go → Go to Folder (⇧ ⌘ G) and type a path like ~/Library/Preferences.
In Terminal
ls -la
lists every file in the current folder, hidden ones included.
Why you might need it
Developers edit dotfiles like .env and .zshrc. Removing an app completely means deleting its folders in Library; see, for example, how to remove NotchMind’s data.
NotchMind